What is the concept of torque? How can I select the right torque motor to handle a load of 60 kg?

[Priyanka Dixit]

What is the concept of torque?

How can we calculate a motor's load-handling capacity, considering factors like air resistance and slope etc

[_ViR_]

Torque is the force that the motor is able to generate to rotate an object or handle a load. It is measured in units of force times distance (e.g. Nm or lb-ft).

For more On Wiki : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque

Torque is the measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate or change its rotational motion. It is a combination of the force applied and the distance from the axis of rotation at which it is applied. In other words, torque is the rotational equivalent of force. There is GIF image in Wiki you will get it

Mathematically, torque is calculated by multiplying the force (F) applied to an object by the distance (r) from the axis of rotation at which the force is applied. The formula for torque is:

Torque = Force x Distance

The SI unit of torque is the Newton-meter (Nm) or, in some cases, the Joule (J). Torque can be clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the direction of the force applied.

For example, consider a wrench tightening a bolt. When you apply a force to turn the wrench, you are exerting torque on the bolt. The greater the force you apply and the longer the wrench, the greater the amount of torque applied to the bolt.

Another example is a door being opened or closed. When you push or pull on the handle of the door, you are applying torque to the hinge, causing the door to rotate around its axis. The further away your hand is from the hinge, the greater the torque applied to the door.

In summary, torque is a measure of rotational force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. It is important in various applications such as mechanics, engineering, and physics.

When selecting the right torque motor to handle a load, it is important to consider the weight of the load, the distance over which the motor will be required to move the load, as well as any additional factors such as friction, air resistance, and slope.

To calculate a motor's load-handling capacity, deal with with following factors

1) The weight of the load is a critical factor in determining a motor's load-handling capacity. The torque required to move a load is directly proportional to the weight of the load. In order to calculate the torque required to move a load, you will need to know the weight of the load in pounds or kilograms.

2) The distance over which the motor will move the load is also an important factor to consider. The torque required to move a load increases as the distance over which the load is moved increases. This is because the motor will have to work harder to overcome inertia and friction over a longer distance.

3) Friction in the system can significantly affect the load-handling capacity of a motor. Friction increases the amount of torque required to move a load, as the motor must work against the resistance caused by friction in the system. It is important to account for friction when calculating a motor's load-handling capacity.

4) Air resistance is another factor that can affect the load-handling capacity of a motor. Moving a load through the air requires additional torque, as the motor must overcome the resistance of the air. The larger and more aerodynamically-inefficient the load, the more torque will be required to move it through the air.

5) The inclination or slope of the surface over which the load will be moved is also an important factor to consider. Moving a load uphill or downhill requires more torque than moving a load on a flat surface. The steeper the incline, the more torque will be required to move the load. It is important to account for the inclination or slope of the surface when calculating a motor's load-handling capacity.

In order to calculate the required torque for your motor, you can use the following formula:

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Torque (Nm) = Weight of the load (kg) x Distance (m) x Inclination (sin(angle)) + Friction (Nm) + Air Resistance (Nm)

For example, let's say you have a load of 60 kg that needs to be moved over a distance of 5 meters on a surface with an inclination of 30 degrees and a frictional force of 10 N. Additionally, you estimate the air resistance to be 5 N.

Torque = 60 kg x 5 m x sin(30 degrees) + 10 N + 5 N
= 300 Nm x 0.5 + 10 N + 5 N
= 165 Nm + 10 N + 5 N
= 180 Nm

[if you want to precise value Convert Degree,minute, second in Decimal if you dont know how to convert to decimal here is link]

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https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/degrees-minutes-seconds-to-degrees.html

Based on this calculation, you would need a motor with a torque capacity of at least 180 Nm to handle a load of 60 kg under the specified conditions. It is important to ensure that the motor selected has a torque rating that exceeds the calculated value to allow for any variations or Some factors that may arise during operation.Like

1) Overloading of the motor due to sudden increases in load or unexpected changes in operating conditions.
2) Voltage fluctuations or power supply interruptions that may affect the motor's performance.
3) Mechanical wear and tear that can impact the motor's efficiency and torque output.
4) Environmental factors such as temperature variations, humidity, or dust accumulation that can affect the motor's performance.
5) Operational errors or misuse that can place undue stress on the motor and potentially cause damage.
6) External disturbances or interference that can disrupt the motor's operation and performance.
7) Changes in the system or equipment connected to the motor that can impact its overall performance and torque output.

Arduino Code:

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#define torquePin A0
#define motorPin 9

int torqueValue = 0;

void setup() {
  pinMode(torquePin, INPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
  
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // Read torque value in Nm
  torqueValue = analogRead(torquePin); 
  // Scale torque value to desired range (0-255 for PWM)
  int motorSpeed = map(torqueValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255); 
  
  // Apply torque to motor
  analogWrite(motorPin, motorSpeed);
  
  Serial.print("Torque value: ");
  Serial.println(torqueValue);
  delay(1000); // Delay to see the output
}

we are reading the torque value from an analog pin and scaling it to a range of 0-255 for PWM output to control the motor speed. The motorPin is connected to the motor driver for driving the motor with torque based on the torque value read from the sensor. The torque value is printed to the serial monitor for monitoring the rotation of the motor.
Phew...

[Priyanka Dixit]

Hey, thanks for the detailed information and examples.
I've heard that a motor's torque performance reduces over time. Is this correct? If so, how much does the performance affect?

[_ViR_]

haa hota he, wear and tear on the motor's components, overheating, and general aging of the motor. vese bhi depend karta he motor kesi, konsi he usage operating condition kesa hota he. vese bhi koi bhi electric ya mechanical component ho to usse maintain karna padta hi he according condition.

Bas... i cant go further

if you need more help or personal assistance locate nearby "GOOD" collage/university professor(Topic you require guide for project) approach them or via their student or involve them ask last year student whom can helpful for personal project. i suggest you to go to any professor topic related he will give you practical advice/guide.

Good Luck
bye